原文链接:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921344921005243
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文章导读
生态补偿机制旨在通过生态系统服务的市场化支付来实现公共生态产品的价值,被证明是扶贫的有力工具。2016年以来,国务院提出加强生态补偿,创新生态扶贫方式,统筹生态系统可持续利用与区域发展。扶贫与生态补偿机制涉及多维度、复杂的互动过程,需要合理、科学的政策以及公众、政府、企业、非政府组织和其他利益相关者的积极参与。然而,利益相关者的经济、社会和生态利益取向不同,甚至可能发生冲突,尤其是在生态脆弱地区。因此,实现“双赢”的扶贫与生态补偿,需要很好地协调不同利益相关者之间的博弈关系。
基于此背景,本研究将上级政府监管机构的参与纳入了一个三方演化博弈模型,其中,生态补偿投资者、生态补偿提供者和上级政府监管机构都参与了生态补偿扶贫策略的选择。基于复制动态方程提出了利益相关者演化稳定策略,并使用中国真实案例模拟验证模型。本研究对环境资源保护和博弈论研究做出了以下贡献:(1) 建立三方演化博弈模型,分析生态补偿与扶贫的协同效应;(2) 丰富动态博弈论领域,使用三方演化博弈模型来分析不同利益相关者的策略选择和行为后果;(3)基于实际案例的模拟,揭示如何实现可持续的生态补偿和扶贫双赢局面。
文章摘要
由于贫困与自然资源保护是一个多维、复杂的互动过程,生态补偿机制作为全球环境资源管理的政策工具,已成为缓解贫困的重要工具。本研究建立了一个统一的分析框架,纳入了三方演化博弈,其中包括促进生态补偿扶贫的生态补偿投资者、生态补偿提供者和上级政府监管机构。基于提出的复制动态方程,分别讨论了每个利益相关者的演化和稳定策略。基于生态补偿扶贫项目中的可观测条件进行了数值研究,以检验各种演化稳定策略的渐近稳定性。结果表明,政府监管机构的策略选择对其他两个参与者起着“风向标”的作用,而上级政府监管机构的选择取决于策略的预期收益和成本;生态补偿提供者的策略选择受到生态补偿投资者策略选择的显著影响;充足的生态转移支付是提供者参与生态补偿扶贫项目的主要动机。
Abstract
Because poverty and natural resource conservation are multi-dimensional, complex interactive processes, ecological compensation (EC) mechanism, which is global environmental resource management policy instruments, have become important tools for poverty alleviation. This study developed a unified analysis framework that incorporated a tripartite evolutionary game that included EC-investors, who promote eco-compensated poverty alleviation, EC-providers, and superior government regulators. Based on proposed dynamic replicator equations, the evolution and steady state strategies for each of these stakeholders were then separately discussed. A numerical study based on the observable conditions in an eco-compensated poverty alleviation project was conducted to examine the asymptotic stability of the various evolutionary stabilization strategies. The results show that the government regulator's strategic choices act as a "weathervane" for the other two players, and the choice of the superior government regulator depends on the expected benefits and costs of the strategy. The strategic choices made by the EC-providers are significantly influenced by the EC-investor strategy choices, with a sufficient ecological transfer payment being the main motivation for the providers to participate in the eco-compensated poverty alleviation projects.